Have you ever thought about why animators use 24fps as the standard frame rate?
(IMAGE: DISNEY)

24FPS is standard and used most because it gives a fluid motion and lifeness to the drawings, one can achieve it even with 30FPS or even 60FPS but who'll draw 30 or 60 frames for just freaking ONE second?
Animation is a tedious task, as you have to draw each frame to create the illusion of motion, and Animators from decades have found that 24FPS is best suited to get the fluid motion. Now you might ask why 3D animation should be limited to 24FPS?
The answer to that is the same, the principle of animation remains the same for both types, 2D or 3D animation. 


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What will happen if you lower the frame rate, below 24FPS?
The Answer lies within the question, if you lower the frame rate the speed of animation will be slower and it'll look choppier. If you compare the results of 24FPS and a lower frame rate for example 17 or 18 FPS then you'll feel that animation feels a bit lagged.

Now many of me love 2D animation, but let's face the truth Animators! We all love 2D but when it comes to animating one drawing with slight changes for 24 times, it's a time consuming process and may require an Animator to be sitting for at least 2-3 hours for creating a full motion with all the characteristics like background, objects, shadows and highlights and characters as well and you'll get drawings enough for creating a 1 sec of motion picture! 

That's when animators cheat, sometimes producers don't require a scene to be shot at 24FPS; they may allow animators to reduce it to something like 20FPS, so animation will be smoother and won't look sluggish.
 
DON'T DRAW TOO COMPLICATED,YOU MIGHT END UP DELETING THE ANIMATION.
 
HOW to make smooth slow motion animation without lowering the frame rate?

The answer to that is, increase the frame rate, for example a 60 FPS setting will work, you'll just have to draw very minute changes and details to make it work, and trust me it'll look way smoother than lowering down your frame rate! To get smooth and fluid motion I'll suggest you read at least once, Richard Williams Animation Survival Kit! It's amazing and has everything you need, even if you have been in the industry for a while and have hands down experience in working with studios you should give it a try.

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MAJOR DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 2D and 3D animations:
MAJOR FACTORS OF 2D Animation:
  • 2D objects just have 2 way axes, X and Y
  • 2D objects don't have volume.
  • In 2D you'll have to draw each part of the character separately.
  • Needs to be drawn many times to achieve the smoothness and desired look.
  • Needs to draw the shadows, highlights and key lights in every drawing.
  • Is a time consuming process and if one drawing is wrong then the whole animation will look sluggish.
MAJOR FACTORS OF 3D Animation:
  • 3D objects have 3 way axis, X for Height, Y for Width and Z for Volume.
  • 3D has space and environment and the characters or objects can easily be rigged to start animating without having to worry about drawing each part again.
  • 3D is like puppet animation, once the character is rigged and has bones added you can move it however you like.
  • 3D has an actual Camera that behaves like a real life camera and has focal lengths, aperture and motion blur systems.
  • 3D has a full lighting control and you don't have to draw the shadows and highlights for each frame, you can just change the light source, intensity, color. 
To conclude, The major reason behind using 24FPS is the smoothness of motion, there are many Animes which are using 17-18 FPS and still look smooth and great! It's up to the animators and producers, how much FPS they want to work with. As a beginner I've started animation using Flash and I used the default 12 FPS that Adobe Flash gives.


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